X-ray analysis apparatus



June 12, 1945. w. BOND X-RAY ANALYSIS APPARATUS Filed May 11, 194:;

5 Sheets-Sheet l FIG 2 lNl/ENTOR M L. BOND By ATmRNEk 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 3

w. L. BOND X-I AY ANALYSIS APPARATUS Filed May '11, 1943 June 12, 1945.

cnrsm. acme rssrzo cam-m. SUPPORTING FIXTURE INVENmR W L. BOND 'BV I Q ATTURNEV June 12, 1945. w. L. BOND 2,377,862

X-RAY ANALYSIS APPARATUS Filed May 11; 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet s FIG. 4 i/ 1M SUPP r/xrune' e2 v 77 7a as I0 I03 7 A 24 2a 22 I Q llllllllllllllll l I lIIHHHHIHHHIHHH I"! 12 v 25 FIG. 5 7 l f FIG.

I05 INVENTOR I y n: L. Bow

ATmRA/EY June 12, 1945. w N 2,377,862

I X-R-AY ANALYSIS APPARATUS Filed May L11, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVEN7UR n. L. BOND ATTDRNEV Patented June 12, 1945 Telephone Laboratories,

Incorporated, New

York; N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 11, 1943, Serial No. 486, l95

9 Claims. (01. 250-835 This invention rel'atesto-X-ray analysis apparatus and more particularly to an X-ray gonionn eter for use in the examination of quartz piezoelectric crystals, j

An object of the invention isto, improve and facilitate the production. of quartz piezoelectric crystals.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compact, cohesive and unitary assembly of the various units ofan X-ray analysis apparatus.

A more specific object ofthe invention. is'to facilitate ascertaining whether an. adjustment achieved during X-ray analysis of a quartz piezoa tolerance lever? by a. simple operation of which a relatively small, accurately defined, movement of the crystal under test in each. of two directions from the selected adjusted position may-be achieved whereby it may be readily ascertained whether the selected position is the best position or removed from the bestposition by an amount not exceeding thetolerance value.

electric crystal is perfect or sufliciently close to perfect to be comprehended by the tolerance value. l

In connection with the preparation of quartz piezoelectric plates it is the practice of somemanufacturers to examine the mother crystal and the plates cut therefrom by meansof X-rays at various stages in the manufacture. For ex ample, there is disclosed in Patent. 2,15 1,736,,is sued March .28, 1939 to, W. Broughtonia testing procedure in accordance with which quartz crystals are. examined by means of X-rays.

A. procedure similar in, generalQto-that de scribed by theBroughton patentreferred to and one which. may be followed to, advantage in, the production of quartz piezoelectric plates, involves temporarily attaching the crystal to the adjust.- able end of acrystal holding fixture of. the cylinder type which may beof the general type described in. Patent No. 2,357,307,; issued. to me September 5,194.4 entitled Worl; supporting fixture. The cylindertype, holding fixture is. then so. mounted in, the; Lil-ray. goniometer that the crystalisat that angle with respect to the projectedX-raybeam atwhich' reflection should occur. ,(For a particular.wave-length of Xi-rays, the angle of reflection, is usually determined by the atomic, planenof thecrystal platewhich is usedltorefiect, the xsrays.) If reflection dfoesnot occun, small. adjustments in the position, of the crystal are, made; by, means. oi. the cylinder fixture mechanism. until reflection is, found. The crystal} is then lookedin this last positionfand ground true to'the cylinder; 8 V

,The arrangementof' the present. invention is applicable particularly in. connection with the X-ray analysisof quartzpiezoelectrlc crystals.

A feature of the. present invention resides in a unitary andcompactassembly one common base of the various elements'of an X-ray analysis apparatus. J

A further feature of the present invention is Another features resides in means whereby a plurality of movements of. relatively short, predetermined, distances of the crystal supporting means may be readily achieved, these movements being entirely independent of the tolerance and other adjustments provided. 7 p 1 A still further featureof the present" invention is means whereby the apparatus may be quickly andeasily adjusted for use with different cuts of crystals. f

In accordance with a specific embodiment of the invention the various elements of the X.-ray analysis apparatus, i. e., the slit, the cylinder supporting carriage (the arrangement is particularly intended for use in conjunction with cylinder type crystal holding fixtures of the general type described'in my patent referred to above) and the ionization chamber are all sup ported by a common bases .Means. are provided whereby the. cylinder supporting carriage may be easily lined up with respect to the incident X-ray beam for different standard cuts of crystals, this step involving merely aligning apertures in two adjacent plates and inserting, a holding pin in the aligned apertures. Further, relatively small adjustments in the position of the crystal are made, ,for example, by the adjusting means described in my patent referred to above if that type of supporting fixture is being used,

'until the operator believes" he has obtained the positionof maximum reflection. A tolerance lever is provided by a simple movement of which the cylinder supporting carriage is swung a'relatively short, accurately defined, distance in each of two directions from the final adjustment selected by the operator as the position of maximum reflection. The extent of movement caused by' operation of the tolerance lever is established in accordance with the tolerance, i. e., the slight departure from perfect which is allowable in the particular roject. If a decrease in reflection is noticed at some, point in the movement controlled by the tolerance lever, this will indicate that the adjusted position is at least within the tolerance range. Additional means, in the form of a slotted bar, permit an additional adjustment of thecarriage which is independent of the lining up and tolerance adjustments referred to; this latter adjustment is also for fixed, accurately defined, distances and is particularly useful in instances where the crystals being examined are apt to vary frequently as to type of out.

A complete understanding of the design and operation of the arrangement contemplated by the present invention and appreciation of the various features thereof will be gained from consideration of the following detailed description and the annexed drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of X-ray analysis apparatus embodying features of the present invention, the position of the X-ray tube being indicated by dotted lines;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the goniometer assembly, the ionization chamber not being shown and the ionization chamber arm being partially broken away;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged side elevational view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on lines 55 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a view taken on line 66 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation in partial section of the vertical pillar arrangement for supporting and rotating the cylinder supporting carriage, the X-ray slit assembly and supporting means therefor being removed;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the apparatus of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the cylinder fixture supporting carriage;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of the front face of the ionization chamber showing the arrangement of the aperture adjusting shutters;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of the slotted adjusting bar showing the relative positions of the slots therein;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged side view of the X-ray slit assembly;

Fig. 13 is an end view of the slit assembly of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a view taken on lines |4|4 of Fig.

in dotted outline is provided for supporting the X-ray tube from base plate Base plate I! is sufficiently large to permit mounting a second goniometer on the opposite side of the X-ray tube or other apparatus may be mounted on the plate as desired. Base plate l2, which is the common base for the various elements of the goniometer and which is in the form of a portion of a disc, is fastened to base plate ll by clamps l4 and 5, a plurality of spaced blocks (block I 6 shown in Fig. 2) serving as spacing elements between plates II and I2. By releasing the pressure of clamps I4 and I5, which are held by machine bolts, on the periphery of base plate l2, plate I2 and the entire X-ray goniometer assembly supported thereby may be rotated as desired; for example, this may be done in order to attain a new alignment of the apparatus after replacement of the X-ray tube.

Ionization chamber 2| is supported by arm 22 which, in turn, as shown in Figs. 4 and 7, is rotatably clamped in a peripheral groove provided in vertical cylinder 23 adjacent to the upper surface of base plate l2. (Vertical cylinder 23 is attached to base plate |2 by suitable means, for example, by welding.) Arm 22 and ionization chamber 2| supported thereby are, therefore rotatable on base plate I2, the arm being locked in position when desired by tightening knurled thumb screw 24 which, in turn, draws clamp 25 up against the lower surface of base plate l2.

As shown clearly in Fig. 7, bushings 4| and 42 are positioned in cylindrical member 23; shaft 43 is positioned in these two bushings being held in place by nut 44.

Plate 45 is mounted on cylinder 23 being normally held from rotation with respect thereto by suitable means such as pins positioned in registering apertures in th plate and the cylinder. As shown, particularly in Figs. 2 and 4, vertical supporting arm 46 is mounted on plate 45 being held in position, for example, by pins registering in the apertures provided at the free end of plate 45 (shown in Fig. 8) and correspondingly located apertures in the bottom of arm 46. Arm 46 sup ports X-ray slit assembly 4! which will be described in detail subsequently.

Rotatably mounted on cylinder 23 above plate 45 is member 50 comprising three main'portions joined as an integral unit, these portions being horizontal plate 5|, vertical cylinder 52 and horizontal plate 53. This member, on occasion, may be locked in rotational position with respect to plate 45 by positioning tapered pin 54 in registering apertures in plates 5| and 45.

Plate 55 is rotatably mounted on shaft, 43, the collar end of the plate being in engagement with the upper surfaces of cylinder 23 and-bushing 4| and the free end being bent upward to provide clearance between said free end and plate 53.

Cylinder fixture supporting carriage H (see particularly Figs. 9 and 4) is adapted to be mounted above plate 55, threaded portion 12 of shaft 43 being adapted to engage tapped aperture 13 of the carriage. As pointed out earlier in the description, carriage 1| is adapted to support a crystal holding fixture of the cylinder or barrel type; a fixture of this general type is described, as previously stated, in Patent No. 2,357,307 issued to me September 5, 1944, entitled Work supporting fixture. The general arrangement of such a fixture is indicated by dotted outline in Figs. 3 and 4, a crystal plate being shown (also by dotted outline) mounted on the fixture in Fig. 3.

The supporting carriage assembly includes two side members 14 and 15, which cooperate to form a trough in which the cylinder crystal holding fixture may be positioned; after the fixture is in position in the trough, hinged clamping arm 16 is closed (the position illustrated) and locked in closed position by catch 11. Flat spring 18 acts to normally hold catch 71 in the engagement position illustrated. When arm 16 is in closed position, spring 8| (Fig. 4) is forced into engagement with the surface of the crystal holding fixture and exerts suflicient pressure thereon to normally hold the fixture in position in the trough.

Screw 82 is carried by vertical plate 83; when the apparatus is in use screw 82 is normally adjusted to bring the projecting tip thereof into engagement with a surface of the crystal mounted on the cylinder crystal holding fixture (Fig. 3).

Two pins, 84 and 85, are positioned in side member 14 with their tips projecting slightly into the trough; the cylinder crystal supporting fixture may be provided with a lateral positioning slot tipsmtzflmmim mazyrbeupositionedrtherem wherrntheifixtureiis l'naplacer: inithe tmuzh:

1 Slbtmd ban :linwigztr is: mounted: atfonexend of I carriage- 13k notchedakrmb :11 being@: mounted on onelend orrthe barrandanut IN: on the other'end. Mr is providcdr about midway betweem the ends: thereof with four peripheral:.slots-: I02 m, IM and-a fourth: slot not illustrated; While these four slots join to form a continuous peripheralepatharound ban 86, they arenot aligned! butare offset orr staggeredslightly: with respectfl 'to: eaclrother; the relative positions of slots a. I 02; 183 and MI will be apparent from Fig; 11; while;the fourtha-siot;whichIis not shown, is alimediwith slot lfll l I I par'tlculably iipFigs: 5; 6, 7, and 8, a chamber is drilled in plate 59" in: which is posttioneclpin I05 whichisbiased ina direction away fromthe rear walI'of-the chamberby: coiled} spring I05: Therear the chamberis provided with air vent' I women communicates with the exter ior. atmospherez I When: carriage I II is in: place; the projecting tip oftp-ln I Illiis; as shownparticularlyin Figs. Sand 6*, engaged in. one arms: foursl'ots in bar' 88; The particular:- sl'ot" engaged at any particular" timeis determinedbythe rotational" position of knob 81 andban-lafl icontrolled thereby: Knob 81 is-providedwithrtfmn notches correspondingto the four slots: inIbarJ-IBGF; these notches-may bemarked 1', 2; 8? "4 to facilitate determining" the rotational positionof'the bsr' at any particular'time: Springarm I08 aids in adjustment ofbar- 86* and in centering" it in anyof the four adjusted positions: Thepurposeandoperation of this-portion I of the'i invention will be described in detail subsequently? A rtion of plate adjacent-to the location of the chamber rererrecw above is cut away-leaving thismarticularportionofthe plate intheshape of atfUL? 1 Vertical pin I II is rotatably mounted inplate 58: The pin maybe rotated a predetermined-distance'. (for a purpose which will be explained later-) in either direction by l'ever' N21 beingnormally held in neutral positi'on-I by spring; I I3, As shown in Fig: 6; pin III' terminates at its-upper portion in: an "off centerportion upon which is mounted: cam bloclc' I l 6; this cam block is positioned in the*U -'shaped' cut-away portion ofthe plate" 55 The purpose and operation of" this portion of" the invention will be described in detail subsequently.

As-previouslypointe'dout X-ray slit'assembly41 I is supported? by vertical' arm' 46. The purpose of slit. assembly. 41 is to control the flow ofthe X- rays;. in e. to cut of! the flow'exceptwhen tests are actually under way.

The slit assembly comprises a rectangular metallic block". having a centrally'locat'ed horifzontallbore H51 (Fig; 12') therein as-wellasavertical bore which crossesand, communicates with the-horizontal bore. k metal plate is attached to each end of the block, each of whichplates' has a narrow' slot: therein which registers with the" respective endof horizontal bore- H5.- Thusend plate I3 I is. provided with slot I32 and end plate I 33 is provided? withslot ;I 341 I A pin I3 iispositionedTin theverticalbore' oftheslit assembly; operating handle I 3Ii 'being'attached to-the upperendofthepih by screw I31(Fig;4). Pin; I 'has'a1S1Ot II I passing therethrough at the point where" the" pin passes through" horizontal bore H5; Ar smaller: pin I12 is anchored in the base; of: pin; I585; coiled spring- I43 cne=-end= of whichdszattachedtdpimlfl and thectheirend of issattacheito plate: I44: actsI to normally pim IM' in contact with dowel I45: This is theconditiomiliuatmtedrin Figshlz; 13 and v14 and in wilLbnr observed: that in this position slot III is misalignediimhorizontalz bore I I5 I with. respect toaslitsvl32- and I134 so'that'passage of X-rays is prevented. However, pin I35: may be rotated by operating-lever I36 against thebiasing; action of spring; I43 to; aposition wherein pin I42 engages dowel IN,v In: this position slot MI isaligned with theV slits1in==horizontai bore I-I5and X-rays entering-slit. I32 may traverse bore I I5 and pass out through slit; I 36E;

Ionization. chamber 2| is provided in the front with ans-perture "51; (Fig; 10) for entryof the reflectech Xerays; Inordenthat the effective area oh the aperture: may be accurately adjusted four cooperatingshutters are provided; shutters I62 and; I. being adapted; to. move vertically and shutters I164: and I851 being adapted to mov ehorizontalln; Suitablemeans', such as the corner u des illustrated, may: be: used' to support and guide the shutters; Provision of the two sets I of shutters ailowsior the adjustment of the aperture with: respect to-gIhorizontal width, with respect to vertical-,width: or; when, both sets are used si- III) multaneouslygboth; with; respect to vertical and horizontal; width at=the same time.

Referringr'now'toIFig. 15 there is=schematica1ly illustrated: a-a circuit that may be used in conjunctionwithzionizati'on'chamber 2I- in order to indicate reflection: of X-rays by a crystal being tested; in the goniometerof the present invention, Gollectorrplate. IN: of theionizationchamberris connectedinseriesr with battery I12 and the inputsresistance of' vacuum tube I73; tube I-Ihmaybe ofia.typecommonlyreierred to a's-the General Electric: Co; Pliotron: FP.54. A relativelyhigh; resistance I 1 4 is; included in the input circuit? of: the: vacuum. tubev while; th usual voltage: sources I151. MBA and IIFI: are connected in the conventlonalamanner; rheostat I9 l being pro. vided forcontrolline theenergization of cathode I92. The-.vibrating-:ribbon I93 of a galvanometer (shown schematically) is connected across the output oh vacuum tube; II'I3=.I Mirror- I94 vibrated byI ribbon Iil3nisradaptedxtorefiect a. beam of light onto scale 185,.thelighhbeing projected onto mir ror I-9lfrom: light source U96; 1' By means of rheostat I91; and? 2M, which are connected in series with battery 20% across: theoutput circuit of; the .Vacuum'tube; the-igalvanometer circuit may be soIregplated that normally no' current will pass through ribbon I93 and the beam of light-fire fiected by mirror I94 will be stationary on scale I351. When an. Xi-ras beam enters ionization chamber 21 and strikes collector plate I I I, a current iSIproduced aIon'g; plate: I11 and a potential is established across the input circuit-of vacuum tube III3-.. As a; resultthe plate resistance of the vacuum tube is changed and the output" circuit issunbalanced causing a current toflow through galvanometer'nibbon: II 93! which results in' rotation of mirror- I-Bdythisgin turn, causes movement of the-lightrbeamlalong scale I95; thus providing indicationloixtlie intensity of the X-raybeam refleetediby the crystal being tested; I

The arrangement contemplated by the invention: wilr now-be further described by assuming that a crystal is being tested for'X ray reflection. Ais' indicated in Fig: 3by dotted lines; the crystal to betested istempcrarily mounted on a cylinder type crystarholdin'g' fixture of'thenature disclosedin'my-patent referredto above: The supporting fixture, in turn," is positioned in the troughpf-carriage II and arm 16 is'latched in closed position wherein spring 8| presses against the. upper surface of the fixture (Fig. 4) with suflicient force to hold it in position under normal conditions. "Screw 82 is then adjusted to bring the tip'thereof into engagement'with the surface of the crystal.

The approximately correct angular position of the crystal being tested with respect tothe incident beam of X-rays is first obtained by rotation of member 50 (pin 54 being removed) and the upper part of the assembly, including carriage II, that is supported thereby. This first adjustment is determined bythe type or cut of the crystal and as shown inFig. 8 a plurality of aperture are provided at spaced intervals in plates 5| and 45. These apertures are spaced on plates 45 and 5| according to a precise layout which is planned according to the types of cuts of crystals to be tested. It will be observed that in the present instance, two of the apertures in plate 5|, namely, apertures 2I'I and 2I2, are so located that'each will register with only one aperture in plate 45 (aperture 2I3 and aperture 2I4, respectively) as plate 5| is rotated while aperture 2|5 will register either with aperture 2|! or the aperture with which it is in registry in the position of Fig. 8 and aperture 2I6'will register with either aperture H8 or 2| 9. This arrangement permits flexibility in the adjustment of plate 5| with respect to plate 45 and yet permitsaccurate and definite positioning according to predetermined characteristics. It will be assumed that the adjustment shown in Fig. 8 wherein'pin 54 is positioned in aperture 2I5 and the aperture of plate 45 in registry therewith corresponds to the CT cut and that it is this out which is to be tested. Member 50 is rotated, therefore, until plate 5| is in the position of Fig. 8 whereupon pin 54 is positioned in aperture 2| 5 and the aperture in registry therewith, thereby locking plates 45 and 5| together. It Will'be clear that cylinder supportingcarriage II will be rotated at this time with member 50 as it will be remembered that the carriage is keyed to plate 55 through engagement of the projecting tip of pin I05 in one of the slots in bar 86 and that plate 55, in turn, is keyed to plate 53 through engagement of the cam portion of pin I II in the U-shaped cut-away portion of plate 55. The CT plate will now be in that position with respect to the incident X-ray beam at which reflection of the X-ray beam will occur if the crystal has been properly and accurately cut.

Clamp 25 is now released by rotation of thumb screw 24 and arm 22 is rotated about the common base to bring ionization chamber 2| to the proper angle to receive X-rays if reflected by the crystal. The arm is locked in the desired position by tightening clamp 25 and the X-ray tube is then energized.

- Aperture I6I (Fig. in the face of the ionization chamber is now adjusted as desired by manipulation of one or both pairs of shutters.

Lever I36 is now moved to align slot MI in horizontal bore H5 (Fig. 12) of slit assembly 41 in order that the X-rays may be projected through slits I32 and I34 to the crystal.

The tester now observes by the means provided (for example if the circuit of Fig. be provided he will observe scale I95) whether the incident X-ray beam is reflected and if so whether the reflection is maximum. In most cases in order to achieve reflection, or at least the maxitation of pin III and, as

mum reflection, it will be necessary for the tester at this point to make small adjustments in the position of the crystal with respect to the incident X-ray beam. The cylinder type supporting fixture of my patent referred to above includes convenient means, in the form of a draw bolt. for making these small adjustmentsysuch means is shown as a part of. the-fixture by dotted outline in Fig. 3. I

The tester has now, therefore, adjusted the crystal to the position which, in his opinion, results in maximum reflection. Now in the mass production of crystals, as in mostiother items produced one 'quantitybasis; .itis'usual to establish' a tolerance value for the variou groups of crystals to be produced. Establishment of a tolerance inthe present instance means, of course, that the position selected by the tester as that of maximum reflection need only be within .the tolerance range'of the point that would actually produce maximum reflection. These tolerances in the case of crystal production cannot as a rule be large; we will assume that a tolerance of fifteen minutes has been established in the present case that is, that an adjustment of the crystal to a position that is within fifteen minutes in'either direction of rotation fromthe point of perfect adjustment- The tolerance lever which is a novel feature of the arrangement of the present inven tion-provides for readily, quickly and accurately determining whether the position selected by the tester is within the tolerancev value.

Aspointed out above and as shown particu larly in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, pin- II Iterminates at its upper end in an offset portion upon which is mounted cam block II 6 which, inturn, is positioned in the U-shaped cut-away portion of plate 55. The pin assembly is designed in accordance with the tolerance value establishedwhereby rotation of pin H4 in either direction will cause plate 55 to move a distance equal to the tolerance value.

In order to test his establishment or the adjustment for maximum reflection, therefore, the operator moves lever II2 first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, observing in each instance by the means for indicating reflection (for example, scale I95, if the'circuit of Fig. 15 is being used) whether a decrease in reflection occurs at some point during each movement of the lever. The movement of lever 'I I2 in each directionis limited by respective dowel pins RI and 222 (Fig. 4). i Movement of lever 2 causes, of course, ro-

cam block II 6 carried by the offset portion thereof is positioned snugly in the U-shaped cut-away portion of plate 55 (Fig. 6), rotation of the pin will cause plate 55 to move a corresponding lateral distance in a direction dependent upon theydirection of rotation of the pin. Now as plate 55 is locked to carriage II due to engagement of the projecting tip of pin I 05 in a slot of bar 86, carriage 'II- moves with plate 55.

.It will be obvious, therefore, that'merely by flipping lever1 H2 in each of two directions, a movement in corresponding directions of the cylinder supporting carriage (and crystal holding fixture and crystal supported thereby) is attained: which is of'definite and accuratel defined extent. 'No particular skill or care is required for the operation and chances for misinterpretation of the result appear nil.

It will be clear that if the position selected by the tester asthegpoint of maximum reflection was ac'tually the best point or-if it'was within the tolerance range of the best point, a'decrease inrefiection will occur at some point in-the movement of the crystal in eachdlrection by the tolerance lever. For example, ii We assume first.

real point 'ofinaximumrefiection wasreached and passedafter which the reflection would decrease, i. e., decr'ease in reflection would. 'occur atsomepoint in theswing in each direction indlcating that the selectedpositionwas withinthe tolerance range and acceptable. Howeveiziri the example 'ju'st'cited, if'the selected position had been to"the l'eft of the real point of maximum reflection a distance greater than the tolerance value, "an increase in reflection would occur during "the entire swing to theright "(as the real point would be "approached but "not passed) thereby indicating thatthefs'elected position was.

not within the tolerance "range and, therefore, unacceptable. "Selected'points to theright or the real maximum reflection "point are, of course;

tested'inthe same'manner.

'It willbeeviderltthat"the tolerance level arra'ngemen't or the present invention provides 'for quickly and accurately swinging'the crystal under test a predetermined distance in two opposite directions for testing purposes and "returns the crystal toits normal position thereafter. The over-all adjustment of the assembly is not distur'bed in any way nor isthe adjustment of the crystal supporting "fixture interfered'with. I

If the position selec'tedby'the 'tester'be 'found acceptable "the crystal holding fixture, with the crystal 'locke'din adjusted U V movedlrfroin carriage II and advanced to another step inthe finishing thereof. I 7

It wl be ndersto od that the cam portion'of pin III will" be designedinteach case'to. give a $Wii1g-of' plate 55 tha't is equalfto the tolerance value-of the particular moment.

-peripher al,slots which are onset or staggered with respect to each other. The projecting .tip ofvpin 105 is positioned in one of theseiourslots,

position, may be re-' lItrmay often transpire during a rurrof crys the particulanslot-engaged -by the, pin depending upon the rotationalposition of. notched l knob 8;I.

,Let-us assume that, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the tip of pin I05 is in engagement with the slot that isdirectly opposite to .s10t l03; this slot as previouslypointed :out is aligned with .slot I03 and i'twand 551013 I 03 are the two normahpositi'on Now let us=assume that knob81 b'e'rotated in a clockwise direction oneposition, i. e., sufilcient to bring the next notch of knob 81 into position to be engaged byspring 108 (Fig. 9). Rotation of plate (which carries pin I05) with respect to member 50 (which includes plates 5I and 53) is prevented at this time by the engagementof cam block IIG of pin III with the defining walls of the U-shaped cut-out'portion ofplate 55 (Fig. 6). As-knob 81 is rotated to bring slot I02 into engagement with the tip of pin I05, the pin itself and. carriage II will be rotated in a counterclockwisedirection,aboutshaft 43 (Fig. 7) as an axis, a distance determined by the amount that slot I02 isoffsetwith respect to theslot previously engaged by pin 105. This, of course, changes the position 'of the crystal holding fixture and the crystal supported thereby but does not afieot the previous adjustment of plate-5| with respect to plate 45nor is the operation'of the tolerance lever arrangement interfered with.

Rotation of knob '81 one more step will bring carriage 'II -'back to its original normal position (slot I03 being aligned with the slot directly opposite and both being centrally located with wiserotation 'ofcarriage II through engagement of the tip of pin I05 inslot I04.

- The-slotted bar arrangementof the present invention provides means whereby accurately measured movement of .the cylinder supporting carriage in either of two opposite directions may be simply and easily achieved merely by rotation of. the notchedtknob.

The combination of adjustments provided by the novel arrangement contemplatedby the present invention renders the arrangement ofparticular'value in connection with the mass production of crystals. The arrangement is such that none of theadjustm'ents interferes with .the

others. The toleranceadjustment is operative in :exactly the same way regardless ofwhich cut the machine has been-set for and,-further, is also operative in the same way regardless of whetherlorlnot the positionof the carriage may have been changed from normal by operation of the slotted-bar and, if-.so, (whether the carriage has beenrotated clockwise .or counter-clockwise. All of theadjusting means, furthermore, lend themselvestotheachievement oi the highly accurate resultsne'cessary in crystal production without requiring vmore than average skill or excessive concentration or p-reciseness in the operation thereof. iBoth'the tolerance leverand the slotted bar arrangement may 'bereadily operated entirely by touch so that the tester may keep his eye on the scale or other reflection indicator while making the adjustments.

Whileoertain'specific embodiments of the-invention'have been selected for illustration and descriptionthe inventionis not, of course, limited its application to the embodiments so disclosed. The embodiments disclosed should be taken as illustrative of the "invention and not as restrictive thereof.

1.In apparatus'for analysisof a crystal by X-rays, a source of X-rays, means for supporting a crystal being examined in the path of X-raysirom saidsourcameans foradjusting the position of .said supporting means with respect to thetpathv of X-rays,v and. lever controlled means for moving said supporting means .a predetertions from the adjusted position thereof.

2. In apparatus for analysis of a crystal by X-rays, a source of X-rays, means for supporting a crystal being examined in the path of X-rays from said source, means for adjusting the position of said supporting means with respect to the path of X-rays, means independent of said last-mentioned adjusting means for changing the position of said supporting means a predetermined amount in either of two opposite directions from the position established by said first-mentioned adjusting means, and means for producing further movement of said supporting means of a predetermined magnitude in each of two opposite directions from its last adjusted position, said last-mentioned moving means being equally effective regardless of whether said last adjusted position of the supporting 'means was established by said first adjusting means or said first position changing means.

3. In X-ray analysis apparatus, a source of X-rays, a base plate, means for mounting the source of X-rays on said base plate, a second base plate, means for mounting said second base plate on said first base plate, a goniometer comprising a slit assembly, an ionization chamber, means for supporting a specimen being analyzed in the path of X-rays from said source, said specimen supporting means being adjustable with respect to the path of X-rays, and lever-controlled means for moving said specimen supporting means a predetermined, relatively short distance in each of two opposite directions from the adjusted position thereof and means for supporting all of the elements of said goniometer from said second base plate.

4. In X-ray analysis apparatus, a source of X-rays, a base plate, means for supporting the source of X-rays on said base plate, a second base plate mounted on said first base plate, clamping means for securing said second base plate in position on said first base plate, said clamping means being releasable whereby on occasion the position of said second base plate on said first plate may be changed, a goniometer comprising a slit assembly, an ionization chamber, means for supporting a specimen being analyzed in the path of X-rays from said source, said specimen supporting means being adjustable with respect to the path of X-rays, and lever-controlled means for moving said specimen supporting means a predetermined, relatively short distance in each of two opposite directions from the adjusted'position thereof and means for supporting all of the elements of the goniometer from said second base plate.

5. In apparatus for analysis of a crystal by X-rays, a source of X-rays, a goniometer comprising a, slit assembly, an ionization chamber and a carriage for supporting a crystal in the path of X-rays from said source, a base, a vertical member mounted on said base, an arm for supporting said ionization chamber, means for so mounting said arm that it is supported by said base and rotatable about'said vertical member,

means for fixedly supporting the slit assembly from said vertical member, means for adjustably supporting said carriage from said vertical member whereby th position of said carriage with respect to said slit assembly may be adjusted and additional means for causing movement of predetermined fixed magnitude of said carriage in each of two opposition directions from the adjusted position thereof. 1. V, J

6. In apparatus for analysis of a crystal by X-rays, a source of X-rays, a goniometer comprising a slit assembly, an ionization chamber and a carriage for supporting a crystal in the path of X-rays from said source, a base, a vertical member mounted on said base, an arm for supporting said ionization chamber, means for so mounting said arm that it is supported by said base and rotatable about said vertical member, a first plate fixedly supported by said vertical member, means for supporting said slit assembly from said first plate, a member rotatably mounted on said vertical member, said rotatably mounted member comprising a second plate adjacent said first plate, a third plate removed therefrom and a cylindrical member coupling said second and said third plates, means for rotatably mounting said carriage on said vertical member, means for mechanically coupling said; carriage and said third plate whereby rotation of said third plate normally results in corresponding rotation of said carriage, means for adjusting the rotational position of said second plate with respect to said first plate whereby the position of said carriage with respect to said slit assembly is likewise adjusted, and additional means for rotating said carriage a predetermined distance in each of two opposite directions from its normal position with respect to said third plate.

7. In apparatus for analysis of a crystal by X-rays, a source of X-rays, a goniometer comprising a slitassembly, an ionization chamber and a carriage for supporting a crystal in the path of X-rays from said source, a.base, a vertical member mounted on said base, an arm for supporting said ionization chamber, means for so mounting said arm that it is supported by said base and rotatable about said vertical member, a first plate fixedly supported by said vertical member, means for supporting said slit assembly from said first plate, a member rotatably mounted on said vertical member, said rotatably mounted member comprising a second plate adjacent said first plate, a third plate removed therefrom and a cylindrical member coupling said second and said third plates, means for rotatably mounting said carriage on said vertical member, means for mechanically coupling said carriage and said third plate whereby rotation of said third plate normally results in corresponding rotation of said carriage, means for adjusting the rotational position of said second plate with respect to said first plate whereby the position of said carriage with respect to said 'slit assembly is likewise adjusted, means for further adjusting the position of said oarriagewith respect to said slit assembly by moving said carriage a predetermined distance in either of two opposite directions, and means independent of said previously mentioned adjusting means for rotating said carriage a predetermined distance in each of two opposite directions from its normal position with respect to said third plate.

8. In apparatus for analysis of a crystal by X-rays, a source of X-rays, a goniometer comprising a slit assembly, an ionization chamber and a carriage for supporting a crystal in the path of X-rays from said source, a base,-a vertical member mounted on said base, an arm for supporting said ionization chamber, means for so mounting said arm that it is supported by said base and rotatable about said vertical memher, a first plate fixedly supported by said ver-- tical member, means for supporting said slit as-' sembly from said first plate, a member rotatably mounted on said vertical member, said rotatably;

mounted member comprising a second plate adjacent said first plate, a third plate removed therefrom and a cylindrical member coupling said second and said third plates, a fourth plate rotatably mounted on said vertical member, said fourth plate having a U-shaped cut-away portion therein, means for rotatably mounting said carriage on said vertical member, means for mechanically coupling said carriage and said fourth plate, a pin terminating in an offset portion rotatably mounted in said third plate, a cam block carried by the ofiset portion of said pin, said cam block, being positioned in .the U-shaped cut-away portion of said fourth plate with surfaces of the cam block engaging the defining side walls of the cut-away portion, engagement of the cam block and the side walls of i the cut-away portion being effective when said pin is stationary in said third plate to mechanically couple said fourth plate to said third plate and being effective when said pin is rotated in said third plate to cause rotation of said fourth plate from its normal position with respect to said third plate, means for adjusting the rota tional position of said third plate while said pin is stationary therein whereby said fourth plate and said carriage are correspondingly adjusted, and means for rotating said pin a predetermined distance in said third plate whereby said fourth plate and said carriage are rotated a predetermined distance from their normal position with respect to said third plate.

9. In apparatus for analysis of a crystal by X-rays, a source of X-rays, a goniometer comprising a slit assembly, an ionization chamber and a carriage for supporting a crystal in the path of X-rays from said source, a base, a vertical member mounted on said base, an arm for supporting said ionization chamber, means for so mounting said arm that it is supported by said base and rotatable about said vertical member,

a first plate fixedly supported by said vertical member, means for supporting said slit assembly fromsaid first plate, a member rotatably mounted on said vertical member, said rotatably mounted member comprising a second plate'adjacent said first plate, a third plate removed therefrom and a cylindrical member coupling said second and said third plates, a fourth plate rotatably mounted on said vertical member, means for rotatably mounting said carriage on said vertical member, a bar rotatably mounted on said carriage, said bar having a plurality of peripheral slots therein, the slots being joined to form a complete indented path around said bar, adjacent slots being misaligned with respect to their center lines whereby the path comprises a plurality of misaligned sections, a pin positioned in said fourth plate with the tip thereof projecting from an edge of said fourth plate, the tip of said pin being positioned in one of the slots in said bar, engagement of the tip of said pin in one of the slots being effective when said bar is stationary in said carriage to mechanically couple said carriage to said fourth plate and being effective when said bar is rotated to cause rotation of said carriage a predetermined distance from its normal position with respect to said fourth plate, means for adjusting the rotational position of said fourth plate while said bar is stationary in said carriage whereby the position of said carriage is correspondingly adjusted, means for rotating said bar a predetermined distance whereby said carriage is rotated a predetermined distance from its normal position with respect to said fourth plate, and additional means for rotating said carriage a predetermined distance in either of two opposite directions from its position as determined by the operation of the previously mentioned adjusting means.

WALTER L. BOND. 

